Retrieval testing may help train the brain
All forms of learning are supposed to help train the brain, but some work better than others. I have always liked looking at a test (or accepting a challenge), seeing what I don’t know, and then filling in the gaps. I think starting classes with structured ways of challenging people’s knowledge and then guiding them through the knowledge would prove decisive in many learning situations.
Unfortunately, the latest research, reported in Science, has its own conceptual flaws. It looks at three methods of learning: studying harder, concept mapping and retrieval tests. Retrieval testing, enacted as “practice” tests, proved the best method for independently recalling facts over short periods of time. I don’t doubt that, but this is still a very industrial age, as it is looking at the best method for studying in order to eventually recall facts to pass a more traditional assessment.
I would like to have seen concept mapping combined with retrieval, where learning is added to the map over longer periods of time, perhaps even years. I think the two would prove very complementary based on my own experience. What’s more, retrieval tests aren’t meant to be perpetual learning devices…in other words, weeks, months or years later, what you learned for a test may not be so retrievable. Concept maps, or mind maps, create artifacts that can later be retrieved as memory aids.
We spend so much time working on problems in isolation when we should be looking at learning holistically. Computers and other devices aren’t going away, nor are paper and pencils. We should look at how tools augment our learning experiences, building upon what our brains can do, not just understand what they do to the brain in the moment.
Regardless, I think this is interesting research, and I hope they take it to the next level.
For more read:
Science. Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping, Jeffrey D. Karpicke and Janell R. Blunt
New York Times. To Really Learn, Quit Studying and Take a Test
Retrieval “Practice” Tests: An Overview
Retrieval practice tests are structured assessments used not simply to evaluate knowledge but to strengthen it by recalling information. Unlike passive study methods, such as rereading or highlighting, retrieval practice actively engages memory. When learners pull information from memory—without prompts or cues—they reinforce neural pathways associated with that knowledge. This is sometimes called the “testing effect,” and it’s been shown to enhance short-term retention.
These tests often take the form of low-stakes quizzes, flashcard exercises, or even self-directed questions. They may be administered in class, online, or used individually. The key is in active recall: the learner has to generate the answer, not just recognize it.
Retrieval practice can be used with:
- Multiple-choice or fill-in-the-blank questions
- Short answer responses
- Oral questioning in classroom settings
- Spaced repetition tools like Anki Pro or Quizlet
When used consistently over time, especially with spaced intervals, retrieval practice improves factual recall. However, the approach focuses on isolated knowledge fragments rather than encouraging synthesis or integration. That makes it excellent for preparing for standardized tests or knowledge checks but less so for deep, conceptual understanding—unless paired with other tools.
To that end, integrating retrieval practice with techniques like concept mapping or mind mapping can provide dual benefits: reinforcing recall while visually organizing knowledge into relationships. That approach shifts the retrieval experience from rote repetition to meaningful learning.
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Agree!